- Smoking prevention and cessation programs affecting women of childbearing age and children.
- Substance abuse prevention and treatment for pregnant women and their infants.
- Programs to improve prematurity risk detection and prevent preterm births.
- Food and nutrition education programs such as WIC - Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children.
- Preconception programs and services including increased use of folic acid.
- Programs to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care.
- Programs to immunize infants and children, research to develop new vaccines, and efforts to eradicate polio worldwide.
- Programs to reduce exposure to environmental and reproductive hazards that are associated with birth defects.
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